# Debian

# 1.必备软件安装

apt-get install net-tools sudo gnupg
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# 2.增加sudo用户

编辑/etc/sudoers

user    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
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# 3.把DVD源去掉

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
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# 4.终端设置文本

localectl
localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"
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# 5.NFS(客户端)

传送门

apt-cache search showmount
apt install nfs-common
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# 6.去掉安装系统时候使用的代理

编辑文件/etc/apt/apt.conf,删除代理

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://192.168.50.216:1087";
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# 7.配置静态路由

路由追踪

traceroute 192.168.50.1
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添加路由

ip route add 10.8.0.0/24 via 192.168.50.1
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查看路由列表

OMV-➜  ~ ip route list
default via 192.168.50.4 dev ens192 proto static
10.8.0.0/24 via 192.168.50.1 dev ens192
172.17.0.0/16 dev docker0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.1 linkdown
172.20.0.0/16 dev br-b2702b8521f6 proto kernel scope link src 172.20.0.1
192.168.50.0/24 dev ens192 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.50.3

OMV-➜  ~ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         _gateway        0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 ens192
10.8.0.0        RT-AX86U-6010   255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 ens192
172.17.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 docker0
172.20.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 br-b2702b8521f6
192.168.50.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 ens192
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加到网络配置文件中/etc/network/interfaces

up ip route add 10.8.0.0/24 via 192.168.50.1 dev ens192
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# 8.查看安装包释放内容

dpkg -L xxxxxx
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# 9.SSH登陆

# 使用密码登录

编辑当前账号~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件,添加公钥。

# 允许 Root 用户名密码登录

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes
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# 关闭root用户登陆

设置/etc/ssh/sshd_config中的PermitRootLogin值为no

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
service ssh restart
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# 禁止使用密码登录

# 编辑文件 PasswordAuthentication值
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 设置 PasswordAuthentication值
PasswordAuthentication no
service ssh restart
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# 发现SSH登录失败记录

grep "Failed password" /var/log/auth.log
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# 配置密钥登陆

  1. 现在本机生成密钥对,输入以下命令:
[root@host ~]$ ssh-keygen  <== 建立密钥对
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): <== 按 Enter
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <== 输入密钥锁码,或直接按 Enter 留空
Enter same passphrase again: <== 再输入一遍密钥锁码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. <== 私钥
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. <== 公钥
The key fingerprint is:
0f:d3:e7:1a:1c:bd:5c:03:f1:19:f1:22:df:9b:cc:08 root@host
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密钥锁码在使用私钥时必须输入,这样就可以保护私钥不被盗用。当然,也可以留空,实现无密码登录。

现在,在 root 用户的家目录中生成了一个 .ssh 的隐藏目录,内含两个密钥文件。id_rsa 为私钥,id_rsa.pub 为公钥。

  1. 在服务器上安装公钥

方式一:把共钥放到authorized_keys文件中

cat id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
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方式二:使用ssh-copy-id命令自动拷贝id_rsa.pub公钥到authorized_keys

ssh-copy-id root@master01
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  1. 设置 SSH,打开密钥登录功能

编辑 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件,进行如下设置:

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
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另外,请留意 root 用户能否通过 SSH 登录:

PermitRootLogin yes
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当你完成全部设置,并以密钥方式登录成功后,再禁用密码登录:

PasswordAuthentication no
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# 配置远程登陆清单

  1. .ssh文件夹中创建config文件,内容如下:
host *
ControlMaster auto
ControlPath ~/.ssh/master-%r@%h:%p
Host bihell
    HostName 堡垒机地址
    Port 端口
    User 用户名
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    ServerAliveInterval 80
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2.直接ssh刚才配置文件中的Host名字即可 ssh bihell

# 实现 clone session

vim ~/.ssh/config
# 添加以下内容
Host *
ServerAliveInterval 30
ControlMaster auto
ControlPath ~/.ssh/master-%r@%h:%p
ControlPersist yes
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# 10.关闭IPV6

# 编辑 sysctl.conf
vim /etc/sysctl.conf

# 以下行以禁用 IPv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

# 加载新配置
sysctl -p

# 改动配置文件,编辑/etc/network/interfaces 或 /etc/network/interfaces.d/ 中的文件
# 没有ipv6的例子
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

# 重启网络服务
systemctl restart networking
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# 11.网络配置

# 配置静态IP

修改文件/etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug ens192
iface ens192 inet static
    address 192.168.50.219
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.50.3
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配置多个静态ip

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
 auto ens3
  iface ens3 inet static
   address 192.168.50.129/24
   gateway 192.168.50.1
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
  iface ens3 inet static
   address 192.168.50.156/24
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重启服务

sudo systemctl restart networking
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# 增加地址到网卡

sudo ip addr add 192.168.50.180/24 dev ens192
# 指定广播地址
sudo ip addr add 192.168.50.180/24 broadcast 192.168.50.255 dev ens192
ifconfig eth2 10.0.5.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.5.255
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# 设置网口IP

ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10
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# 设置子网掩码

ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0
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# 设置广播地址

ifconfig eth0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
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# 删除网卡IP地址

sudo ip addr del 192.168.50.180/24 dev ens192
ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0
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# 显示网络接口

# 显示所有网络接口
ip a
ip link
ifconfig a
# 显示激活的网口
ifconfig
# 显示指定网络接口
ifconfig en8
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# 显示网络接口统计信息

ip -s link
ip -s link show dev ens192
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# 设置接口mtu

ip link set mtu 9000
ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000
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# 设置接口混杂模式

ip link set em1 promisc on
ifconfig eth0 promisc
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# 启用禁用接口

ip link set eth0 up
ip link set eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth0 down
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# 查看arp缓存

ip neigh
arp

# 包含统计信息
ip -s neigh

# 查看某个网口的
ip neigh show dev ens192
arp -i eth1

# 显示某个ip的arp
arp -a 192.168.1.11
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# 添加删除arp缓存

# 添加
ip neigh add 192.168.1.10 lladdr 0e:e5:20:c6:c4:75 dev eth1
arp -s 192.168.1.11 -i eth2 0e:e5:20:c6:c4:75

# 删除
ip neigh del 192.168.1.10 dev eth1
arp -i eth2 -d eth2 192.168.1.11

# 替换新增
ip neigh replace 192.168.1.10 lladdr 0e:e5:20:c6:c4:75 dev eth1
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# 查看 mac 地址

[hadoop@node01 ~]$ ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:3c:46:fc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
    link/ether 02:42:97:23:25:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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# 12.重新配置默认Java版本

update-alternatives --config java
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# 13.禁Ping

修改/etc/sysctl.conf加一行

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1
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执行sysctl -p加载配置后生效。

临时启用Ping

echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
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# 14.禁止IP访问

iptables -I INPUT -s 124.115.0.199 -j DROP
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
service iptables restart
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# 15.修改DNS

vim /etc/resolv.conf
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# 16.在PATH中添加一条新路径

export PATH="$PATH:/home/user/bin"
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# 17.删除用户

# r 用于彻底删除,用户HOME目录下的档案会被移除,在其他位置上的档案也将一一找出并删除,比如路径/var/mail/用户名下的邮件。
userdel -r ubuntu
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# 18.格式化硬盘

fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/sdc
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc
mkdir /mnt/M06
mount /dev/sdc /mnt/M06
df -h
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更新时间: 3/29/2024, 5:18:31 PM